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Mikhail Korotkov Methodist of the online school of tutors “Uchi.Doma”
There are several techniques that help not only remember certain data , but also in general train memory and the ability to process new information. They do not require special skills and are suitable for children of any age. It is worth trying all the techniques and choosing the most effective for you.
1. Spaced Repetitions
The essence of the method lies in the periodic repetition of the studied material with ever-increasing intervals. There is a formula by which you can calculate the intervals between repetitions: Y = 2X + 1. Y means the day when you need to refresh the lesson in memory, and X means the day of the last repetition.
So, if a student learned new foreign words yesterday, that is, 0 days ago, then they need to be repeated today: Y = 2*0+1. If the child learned the words the day before yesterday (a day ago), then according to the formula Y u003d 2 * 1 + 1, you need to return to them on the 3rd day, if three days ago – on the 7th day (2 * 3 + 1). < /p>
This approach allows you to better remember the material. In addition, in conditions when a student needs to learn several different lessons at the same time, interval repetitions also help to distribute the load.
2. The Leitner method
With its help, it is convenient not only to memorize a specific subject, but also to organize the entire amount of information for effective memorization.
All material is recorded on cards. For example, you can write a term on one side and its definition on the other. The main rule: one card should contain one thought or fact.
- Cards with information to be remembered, as well as data that are the most difficult to understand, are added to the first box. The child should deal with them regularly
- Cards with already studied or familiar information should be put in another box and referred to only as needed: to repeat the material or refresh certain data in memory.
- If you wish, you can make a third box, which will contain the information already studied, which nevertheless requires regular repetition.
Instead of paper cards, you can use special applications for a computer or phone, which are also built on the Leitner system. Among the most popular are Anki and EasyWords.
3. Aivazovsky's method
The method of the famous artist Aivazovsky helps to train visual (visual) memory.
Invite the child to carefully examine the selected object for 1-5 minutes, and then “draw” it in his imagination, taking into account all the important details. Then you can compare what was replicated and what was not. You can draw visual pictures for 20-30 minutes every day. It’s worth starting with simple objects, and then the plots can be complicated.
Visual memory can be trained even at a very early age with the help of games. For example, lay out a number of things on the table and ask the child to remember their order. Then – mix them up and invite the baby to return everything to its place.
A good visual memory will help the student in learning large amounts of new information and simplify the memorization process.
4. Mnemonics
Mnemonics is a way of memorizing information based on associations, when rhymes or images are selected for words, phonetically similar phrases for formulas, and so on.
The techniques of mnemonics help the child to associate abstract information from the textbook with familiar images and phenomena from life. This makes the material clear and easy to digest. The method is effective in learning languages: according to the results of R. C. Atkinson. Mnemotechnics in Second-Language Learning experiment by Richard Atkinson, students who used mnemonics memorized 40% more foreign words.
There are several simple mnemonics techniques that children can easily master.
Letter code
The first letter of each word in a sentence must stand for a specific word. For example, the following phrase will help to remember the planets: “The bear cub (Mercury) ham (Venus) ate (Earth) raspberries (Mars), the nimble (Jupiter) gopher (Saturn) dragged (Uranus) a penknife (Neptune) penknife (Pluto).”
Consonance
This method is well suited for memorizing foreign words. So, the English verb look (look, look) is consonant with the Russian “bow”, and magazin (magazine) resembles a “shop” and so on. To reinforce, you can endow the phrases with additional images: “I bought a magazine in a store.” A similar example is the word capital (capital), which is consonant with the Russian “capital” – just learn the phrase “capital in capital”.
Rhymes
We can remember short rhymes from childhood, but we quickly forget the lecture we listened to a couple of days ago, because the brain is lighterL. L. Dove Why do rhymes help people remember things?/HowStuffWorks accepts rhyming lines.
In school education, rhymes are widely used to memorize numbers, mathematical laws and theorems. For example, “the median is a monkey, it goes around and bisects the sides.” Or “every student knows what a triangle is, but not everyone knows the wonderful law: any side of it, even the largest, is less than the sum of the two sides.”
Therefore, it is useful to tell the student about well-known phrases, as well as invite him to come up with his own.
5. Mind maps
It takes less time to create mental maps that organize information in a graphical form than to write a summary. And at the same time, the data is remembered much faster.
In the center of the mind map is the main idea – for example, the topic of a lesson, lecture or an upcoming report. Key thoughts depart from it with arrows, which, in turn, are divided into subparagraphs until the entire material is structured.
According to the results D. A Boley II. Use of Premade Mind Maps to Enhance Simulation Learning/Academia research by scientists from the American Johns Hopkins University, the performance of students who record lectures in the form of mind maps is 12% higher. This is due to the fact that a person thinks in images and associations, and a visual visual scheme is read by the brain fasterHumans Process Visual Data Better/Thermopylae Science + Technology than a long text or even a table.
In addition, this approach allows you to structure information and see the relationships between its parts that are invisible at first glance.
Mind maps can be created on paper or in special programs: MindMeister, XMind Zen, MindMup, Mind42 and others. They are available on a computer, tablet or phone.
6. Storytelling
A large number of dates and theoretical information on history or other humanitarian subjects is difficult to remember, just by memorizing them. The brain perceives information in context much more efficiently: unusual, vivid associations and images are stored in memory longer.
Therefore, for example, you should not just memorize the date and historical fact, it is better to study the event itself, the characters and their character in more detail, look at the portraits of the people in question. It is possible to read works of classical literature describing this period of time. Thus, the student will literally have a story, which will be much more interesting and easier to remember.
7. Retelling the material
Oral retelling of the material read helps to process information effectively, and, accordingly, contributes to its memorization. At the same time, it does not matter to whom exactly the child will retell the lesson: mom, dad, classmate, teddy bear or himself – the effect will be positive in any case.
In addition to retelling the passage, the student must analyze the information, remember main points and perhaps draw conclusions about the relationships between the main ideas. Thus, the child learns to concentrate, understand the essence of what he read, explain it in his own words, which makes the learning process more effective.
